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+.scope Joypad
+ ;; Button masks.
+ BUTTON_A = 1 << 7
+ BUTTON_B = 1 << 6
+ BUTTON_SELECT = 1 << 5
+ BUTTON_START = 1 << 4
+ BUTTON_UP = 1 << 3
+ BUTTON_DOWN = 1 << 2
+ BUTTON_LEFT = 1 << 1
+ BUTTON_RIGHT = 1 << 0
+
+ ;; Port addresses for controllers.
+ JOYPAD1 = $4016
+ JOYPAD2 = $4017
+
+ ;; After running a `read_*` function these two variables will contain the
+ ;; given result.
+ zp_buttons1 = $22
+ zp_buttons2 = $23
+
+ ;;;
+ ;; Safely read a controller via a re-read algorithm the joypad as indexed by
+ ;; the X register (0 for controller 1; 1 for controller 2).
+ .proc read_x
+ jsr Joypad::unsafe_read_x
+
+ ;; The main idea around a re-read algorithm is that you read the
+ ;; controller "unsafely" once, then you do it again and compare both
+ ;; reads. If they were the same then we are on the safe side. Otherwise
+ ;; we would need to loop until we get two identical reads. This sounds
+ ;; bad but in practice it's not so much (and hey, if it worked for Super
+ ;; Mario Bros. 3, it should work for us too :P). Otherwise there is the
+ ;; algorithm via OAM DMA, but it sure is tricky.
+ @reread:
+ lda Joypad::zp_buttons1, x
+ tay
+ jsr Joypad::unsafe_read_x
+ tya
+ cmp Joypad::zp_buttons1, x
+ bne @reread
+
+ rts
+ .endproc
+
+ ;;;
+ ;; Read the joypad as indexed by the X register (0 for controller 1; 1 for
+ ;; controller 2). This method is fast but it might be vulnerable to the DPCM
+ ;; bug (see: https://www.nesdev.org/wiki/Controller_reading_code).
+ .proc unsafe_read_x
+ ;; Start the latch process.
+ lda #$01
+ sta Joypad::JOYPAD1
+ sta Joypad::zp_buttons1, x ; Bit as a guard for the loop below.
+ lsr
+ sta Joypad::JOYPAD1
+
+ ;; Now the joypad is ready to accept reads.
+ @loop:
+ lda Joypad::JOYPAD1, x
+ and #%00000011 ; Ignore bits other than controller.
+ cmp #$01 ; Set carry if and only if nonzero.
+ rol Joypad::zp_buttons1, x ; Carry -> bit 0; bit 7 -> Carry
+ bcc @loop
+ rts
+ .endproc
+.endscope
+
+;; Shortcut for reading the joypad from the first player safely.
+.macro READ_JOYPAD1
+ ldx #$00
+ jsr Joypad::read_x
+.endmacro